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Teaching math to preschoolers might seem challenging, but a Greek study has revealed that some teachers achieve amazing results. The research, published in *Education Sciences*, analyzed how teachers' actions impact young students' learning. Using the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness (DMEE), the researchers examined five key dimensions: frequency, quality, focus, stage, and differentiation. With 463 students and 27 teachers involved, the study measured math progress at the beginning and end of the school year. The results? Teachers really make a difference! A multidimensional approach showed that their strategies explain variations in student outcomes. So, what are the secrets of the best teachers? Let's find out together!

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The study used a stratified sampling procedure to select 463 students and 27 teachers from Greek pre-primary schools. Mathematics achievement was assessed at the beginning and end of the school year, while the DMEE factors were measured through external observations. Analysis of observation data using multi-trait multilevel models provided support for the construct validity of the measurement framework. Teacher factors explained variation in student achievement gains in mathematics. The use of a multidimensional approach allowed for the identification of the added value in measuring the functioning of the teacher factor. The implications of the findings suggest that teachers can significantly influence student outcomes through targeted and differentiated strategies.

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Authors:
Victoria MichaelidouLeonidas KyriakidesMaria SakellariouPanagiota StratiPolyxeni MitsiMaria Banou
Date Published:
Original Article www.mdpi.com
Fact-check verified on 24/11/2025
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Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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