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High-speed trains are like superheroes on rails, but they also have their enemies: the bumps between the pantograph and the overhead line. These force fluctuations can cause serious problems. A team of researchers has invented a smart system called CPO-LQR-BC-SAC that uses machine learning to reduce these bumps. First, they optimize control with an algorithm called CPO-LQR. Then, they add a touch of artificial intelligence with the SAC method, guided by experts. The results? A 77% reduction in oscillations! This system works with different types of pantographs, making it a robust and practical solution.

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The CPO-LQR-BC-SAC system combines advanced techniques to optimize pantograph control. Initially, the Crowned Porcupine Optimization (CPO) algorithm is used to tune the weighting matrix of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), creating a high-performance CPO-LQR controller. This significantly reduces pantograph-catenary contact force (PCCF) fluctuations. Next, an offline model-based control provides 'expert' adjustments that further suppress extreme contact force values. The action of these offline controls, superimposed on the real-time outputs of the CPO-LQR, yields further suppression gains. The BC-SAC compensatory controller provides corrective control actions, guided by expert actions through a behavior cloning loss term in its loss function. A decaying imitation weight ensures a balance between imitation and exploration.

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Authors:
Zhun HanQingsheng FengWangyang LiuYuqi LiuHangtao YangHong LiMingxia XuShuai Xiao
Date Published:
Original Article www.mdpi.com
Fact-check verified on 14/11/2025
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Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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