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Artificial intelligence is reshaping classrooms too. A recent study surveyed 242 teachers from grade 3 to high school to gauge their knowledge of AI tools, confidence in using them, and training needs. Most educators are aware of ChatGPT and similar writing assistants, yet only about 45% actually integrate them into lessons. High‑school teachers stand out: they understand AI concepts better, use the tools more often, and feel more confident. Elementary teachers, however, show more hesitation, especially regarding AI‑based grading or troubleshooting technical issues. The research highlights a strong demand for professional development: teachers want hands‑on workshops, clear guidelines, and school policies that define appropriate AI use. In short, AI holds huge potential for more interactive and personalized teaching, but unlocking it fully requires better training and transparent rules.

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The survey employed a structured questionnaire divided into four sections: theoretical AI knowledge (definitions of machine learning, deep learning, and NLP), practical experience (use of chatbots, content generators, automated grading tools), self‑rated confidence (Likert scale 1–5), and training needs (prioritising workshops, online tutorials, mentoring). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t‑tests to compare groups. Significant differences (p < 0.01) emerged between secondary and primary teachers across all AI competence metrics. Logistic regression identified workshop participation as the strongest predictor of confidence in AI‑based grading (OR = 2.3). Limitations include a self‑selected sample and a female majority (79%). Future research should incorporate classroom observations and assess AI’s impact on student learning outcomes.

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Authors:
Zoi A. Traga PhilippakosLouis Rocconi
Date Published:
Original Article www.mdpi.com
Fact-check verified on 02/05/2026
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Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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