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In today's world, artificial intelligence and quantum computing are reshaping how we live and work. Therefore, grasping the basics of quantum physics is no longer just for scientists: it’s becoming a fundamental skill for the future. A recent study involved 78 high‑school students in two 90‑minute lessons that explored concepts such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum cryptography. After the sessions, students answered a questionnaire designed to measure their “quantum literacy.” The results show a significant boost in understanding quantum principles and a growing excitement about practical applications, especially quantum key distribution (QKD). Learners reported feeling more prepared to discuss emerging technologies and consider quantum‑related careers. The study concludes that integrating quantum physics into secondary curricula can stimulate scientific thinking and ready young people for the challenges of the “quantum era.” The two presentations proved an effective first step toward building a quantum culture already in adolescence, opening the door to a more innovative and aware future.

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Superposition is the principle that a qubit can exist in multiple states simultaneously, unlike a classical bit which is either 0 or 1. This phenomenon enables a quantum computer to process an exponential number of combinations in a single computational step, making algorithms like Shor’s factorization possible. Entanglement, on the other hand, is a deep correlation between two or more qubits: measuring one instantly determines the state of the other, even over large distances. This property underpins quantum key distribution (QKD), where two parties generate a shared secret key and verify its integrity thanks to the no‑cloning principle. Any eavesdropping attempt disturbs the qubits, revealing the intrusion. Pedagogically, interactive simulations such as visual quantum circuits let students experiment with operations like Hadamard, CNOT, and measurements without costly hardware. A problem‑based approach—e.g., encrypting messages—boosts motivation and links theory to real scenarios. Formative assessment through open‑ended questionnaires captures misconceptions, such as the belief that a qubit “physically resides” in multiple places, allowing targeted analogies (like rotating a vector on the Bloch sphere). Moreover, integrating virtual labs via cloud platforms (IBM Quantum Experience) provides hands‑on experience, preparing students not only to grasp theory but also to actively develop quantum algorithms, fostering a scientific culture ready for the upcoming technological revolution.

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Authors:
Aspasia V. OikonomouIlias K. SavvasOmiros Iatrellis
Date Published:
Original Article www.mdpi.com
Fact-check verified on 02/03/2026
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Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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